The human brain is a mysterious and complex organ that we still know so little about, even after centuries of study. Schizophrenia and other mental illnesses continue to drive our urgency in the field of brain research so we can develop new and effective treatments for millions of people struggling with debilitating symptoms. In recent decades, we’ve made great strides and had significant breakthroughs in schizophrenia research, including the discovery of:
- An increased risk of schizophrenia associated with heavy Cannabis use
- Potential therapeutic effects of CBD for schizophrenia
While these two discoveries may seem to contradict each other, they don’t. Here’s why.
Cannabis: CBD vs THC
In order to understand the relationship between Cannabis and schizophrenia, it’s important to know some things about the Cannabis plant. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is a complex plant containing over 100 types of cannabinoids, which are naturally occurring compounds classified by their interaction with specific receptors found in different parts of the central nervous system. Some of these cannabinoids are further differentiated from one another by their effect on the way the brain works. Some cause changes in the person’s mood, thoughts, feelings, or behavior. Others do not. The two most well-known cannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD). Both cause changes in the brain, but in very different ways.
- THC binds to the cannabinoid receptors in the brain, producing the “high” which may include feelings of euphoria, paranoia, anxiety, time distortion, or other psychoactive effects.
- CBD binds weakly to the receptors, if at all, and even works to block the receptors, thus reducing the psychoactive effects of THC.
- CBD activates other receptors that provide a calming, anti-anxiety effect, which technically makes it psychoactive, though it does not provide the “high” that THC is known for.
THC, CBD, and schizophrenia
As cannabis use and potency have risen in recent decades, so has cannabis use disorder. And recent studies have shown that schizophrenia has risen proportionately as well. The associations between heavy cannabis use (primarily THC) and schizophrenia include:
- Exposure to THC increases the risk of developing schizophrenia
- THC interacts with pre-existing genetic and environmental factors and leads to early schizophrenia
- Cannabis-induced psychosis is part of the schizophrenia spectrum that eventually develops into schizophrenia
- People predisposed to the development of psychotic illness are more vulnerable to the psychotomimetic (mimicking symptoms of psychosis) effects of THC
- THC can make schizophrenia and psychosis symptoms worse
On the other hand, research shows that the effects of CBD on people with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are entirely different from the effects of THC. Clinical studies have found that CBD treatment for schizophrenia may have a number of positive benefits. The research shows:
- CBD minimizes positive symptoms of schizophrenia (including hallucinations and delusions)
- CBD provides similar effects as antipsychotic drugs, but without the adverse side effects
- CBD decreases the THC-induced psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairments
- CBD can improve cognitive function and motor speed in people with schizophrenia
Of course, research is still underway, but the findings are promising. While CBD is not a cure, it may minimize symptoms of psychosis and other symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
Important note
Consult your doctor before making any changes to your medical treatment. Self-medication with CBD is not reliable. Not all CBD oil is regulated. Some formulas that claim to have no THC could contain trace amounts that trigger symptoms in those who have schizophrenia or are at risk of developing it. Similarly, formulas that claim to be pure CBD oil may not contain any at all. Additionally, potential drug interactions could result in unwanted or even dangerous side effects.
Schizophrenia research study San Diego
If you or someone you love suffers from schizophrenia, you may qualify to participate in a schizophrenia research study at Synergy Research Centers in Lemon Grove. We’re currently enrolling for two schizophrenia studies, one inpatient and one outpatient. The outpatient study involves the use of CBD for schizophrenia. Eligible participants must be diagnosed with schizophrenia and be between the ages of 18 and 65. For more information on these studies or to find out if you’re eligible, give us a call at (888) 539-0282 or fill out our contact form today.